Solar radiation and your skin: The importance of the sun protection factor

Sun protection has always been an important consideration in the cosmetics and skincare industry. Although tanning was once thought to be a symbol of health and beauty, we now know that solar radiation can be harmful to our bodies. It is important to understand how ultraviolet (UV) rays, as well as visible light and infrared (IR) radiation, affect our skin and why we must incorporate sun protection products into our skincare routine on a regular basis.

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation and its impacts on the skin:

In recent decades, scientific research has shed light on the harmful effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on our skin. Although it accounts for only about 5% of total solar radiation that reaches our skin, its effects penetrate deeply and last a long time. When we talk about “photoaging,” we are referring to the cause and effect relationship between UV radiation and skin aging.

UV radiation is divided into three main types: UVA, UVB, and UVC. UVC radiation is absorbed and retained by the atmosphere, so it does not reach the skin’s surface. However, UVA and UVB radiation have a direct impact on our skin. UVB rays, which account for only 0.1% of all radiation that reaches the skin, cause sunburn and direct damage to our cells’ genetic material (DNA).

UVA rays, on the other hand, penetrate deeper into the skin and cause long-term effects like collagen degradation and wrinkle formation. They are also responsible for direct pigmentation and skin tanning.

Skin aging is mainly due to daily sun exposure, even when no immediate visible changes occur. For this reason, it is essential to incorporate the use of sunscreen into our daily skincare routine. Sunscreen should be applied every day, not just on sunny summer days. Solar radiation can penetrate clouds and reflect off surfaces such as water, sand, or snow, exposing us even when it is overcast.

Visible light and its impact on the skin:

Visible light, also known as HEV (high-energy visible) light, represents approximately 40% of the solar radiation that reaches our skin. In recent years, more attention has been paid to blue light, a proportion of the visible light emitted by electronic device screens. Although visible light is not as well-known as UV rays, its impact on the skin should not be overlooked.

Visible light has been associated with skin dehydration and the formation of spots, especially in people with darker skin. Additionally, although indirectly, it can also damage the DNA in our cells. This leads us to the conclusion that sun protection is not only about protecting ourselves against UV rays but also against visible light.

Infrared Radiation (IR) and its deep impact:

Another important consideration is infrared radiation (IR), which accounts for nearly 60% of the solar radiation that reaches the skin’s surface. Although we cannot see IR, we feel it as heat when we are exposed to it. IR has the ability to penetrate deeply into the skin and increase collagen degradation, leading to a loss of elasticity. Like visible light, IR can also damage the DNA in our cells.

The synergy between radiation types and sunscreen selection:

It is important to note that these three types of radiation do not work in isolation; rather, they complement one another, resulting in synergies. Therefore, choosing an appropriate sunscreen goes beyond looking for a high SPF number. You should look for products that include the letters UVA surrounded by a circle on the packaging, indicating effective protection against UVA rays. Additionally, it is essential that the sunscreen offers protection against visible and infrared light.

The presence of antioxidants in the formulation is an important consideration when selecting an effective sunscreen. Antioxidants are compounds that help prevent and combat oxidative stress caused by the skin cells. These ingredients not only provide additional sun protection, but they also help to keep skin healthy and radiant.

How to choose the perfect sunscreen:

When selecting a sunscreen, keep in mind that not all products are the same. A high SPF is important, but also look for the acronym UVA, protection against visible and infrared light, and antioxidant ingredients in the formula. Additionally, consider your skin type and specific skincare needs. If you have sensitive skin, look for products designed for you.

In summary, understanding the effects of solar radiation on our skin is essential for effective skincare. Daily sun protection and the use of appropriate products can significantly improve the health and appearance of your skin over time. Do not underestimate the power of sunscreen in your daily skincare routine, as it is an investment in your skin’s long-term health.